How are gear teeth made?
How gear teeth are made
Gear teeth are made by first preparing a stable blank and its reference surfaces, then generating the tooth form with a suitable cutting process. The gear may then be heat treated, finished and inspected before it is protected for shipment. Hobbing is common for many external gears, while shaping, broaching or skiving can suit internal or restricted-access forms.
For a route overview, read PairGears' gear manufacturing process guide.
Choose the tooth-generation route for the geometry
- Prepare the blank: machine the bore, outside diameter and faces that establish the tooth-cutting datums.
- Generate the teeth: hobbing is widely used for external spur and helical gears. Shaping, broaching or skiving may be selected for internal teeth, shoulders or limited tool access.
- Plan the downstream steps: material, heat treatment, target tolerance and quantity determine whether the teeth need stock allowance and a finishing operation.
PairGears describes hobbing, shaping, broaching, grinding and related operations as parts of a process chain. A drawing review should confirm which route fits the actual part.
Example: a hardened helical gear
A typical route can be: turn the blank and datums, hob the teeth with planned finishing stock, heat treat the part, then grind the teeth where final geometry or surface condition requires it. Inspection can then compare profile, lead, pitch and runout with the agreed specification. This is why a final accuracy requirement cannot be assigned to tooth cutting alone.
For ISO-based inspection context, see how to verify a gear accuracy grade with inspection data and PairGears production and inspection equipment.
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